Inlaying Bismuth Nanoparticles on Graphene Nanosheets by Chemical Bond for Ultralong-Lifespan Aqueous Sodium Storage

Rechargeable aqueous sodium ion batteries (ASIBs) are rising as an important alternative to lithium ion batteries, owing to their safety and low cost. Metal anodes show a high theoretical capacity and nonselective hydrated ion insertion for ASIBs, yet their large volume expansion and sluggish reaction kinetics resulted in poor electrochemical stability. Herein, we demonstrate an electrode cyclability enhancement mechanism by inlaying bismuth (Bi) nanoparticles on graphene nanosheets through chemical bond, which is achieved by a unique laser induced compounding method. This anchored metal-graphene heterostructure can effectively mitigate volume variation, and accelerate the kinetic capability as the active Bi can be exposed to the electrolyte. Our method can achieve a reversible capacity of 122 mAh g⁻¹ at a large current density of 4 A g⁻¹ for over 9500 cycles. This finding offers a desirable structural design of other metal anodes for aqueous energy storage systems.     

Boron-Cluster Embedded Necklace-Shaped Nanohoops

The combination of carbon-based nanohoops with other functional organic molecular structures should lead to the design of new molecular configurations with interesting properties. Here, necklace-like nanohoops embedded with carborane were synthesized for the first time. The unique deboronization of o-carborane has led to the facile preparation of ionic nanohoop compounds. Nanohoops functionalized by nido-o-carborane show excellent fluorescence emission, with a solution quantum yield of up to 90.0 % in THF and a solid-state quantum efficiency of 87.3 %, which opens an avenue for the applications of the nanohoops in OLEDs and bioimaging.     

Sequence-dependent clustering properties of nucleotides fragments in an ionic solution

The chemical nature of the DNA bases is an important factor in sequence-mediated association of DNA molecules. Nucleotides are the fundamental DNA elements and the base identity impacts the molecular properties of nucleotide fragments. It is interesting to study the fundamental nature of nucleotides in DNA, on the basis of base-specific interactions, association, and modes of standard atomic or molecular interactions. With all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of model dinucleotide and tetranucleotide systems having single-stranded dinucleotide or tetranucleotide fragments of varying sequences, we show how the base identity and interactions between the different bases as well as water may affect the clustering properties of nucleotides fragments in an ionic solution. Sequence-dependent differential interactions between the nucleotide fragments, ionic concentration, and elevated temperature are found to influence the clustering properties and dynamics of association. Well-known epigenetic modification of DNA, that is, cytosine methylation also promotes dinucleotide clustering in solution. These observations point to one possible chemical nature of the DNA bases, as well as the importance of the base pairing, base stacking, and ionic interactions in DNA structure formation, and DNA sequence-mediated association. Sequence- and the ionic environment-mediated self-association properties of the dinucleotides indicate its great potential to develop biological nanomaterials for desired applications.     

基于PCI总线的全功能数字化频率源

介绍了一种适用于核磁共振谱仪的全功能数字化频率源,它能够直接输出0~135 MHz的信号,且信号的频率、相位和幅度可以快速切换. 该频率源设计成基于计算机PCI总线的板卡结构,可以直接插入PC机的PCI插槽内. 在板上包含了128 k用于预先存储波形数据的静态内存,外部设备提供触发信号即可输出所需的射频波形. 该频率源具有结构简单,性能良好,成本低廉等特点,特别适用于较低设计成本的核磁共振谱仪.     

基于多肽识别的电化学生物传感技术

多肽具有分子量小、易于合成、生物兼容性好、稳定性高及序列灵活多样等优点。因此,多肽作为新型生物识别元件,已被广泛应用于生物传感器的构建。电化学分析灵敏度高、准确度好、设备简单、检测范围广且易于操作。本文介绍了基于多肽识别的电化学生物传感器技术,包括多肽的修饰与固定化、多肽与待测物的识别及检测原理;综述了近五年多肽电化学生物传感器对重金属离子、小分子、蛋白质、细菌和病毒的检测;展望了肽基电化学生物传感器的发展趋势。     

Evaluation of Poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-Coated Column for Enantioseparation with Azithromycin Lactobionate and Clindamycin Phosphate as Chiral Selectors in Capillary Electrophoresis

Chromatographia - In this study, a poly(glycidyl methacrylate) nanoparticle (PGMA NP)-coated column system with two antibiotics as selector was constructed for enantioseparation. The PGMA NP...     

DNA环境中硒代胸腺嘧啶和腺嘌呤碱基对的激发态性质和光物理机理的理论研究

应用高精度的多态完全活化自洽场二级微扰理论方法, 在量子力学/分子力学组合方法的理论框架 QM(MS-CASPT2//CASSCF)/MM下, 系统研究了DNA环境中2-硒和4-硒取代胸腺嘧啶和腺嘌呤碱基对(2SeT-A和4SeT-A)的最低5个电子态(S₀, S₁, S₂, T₂和T₁)的结构、 性质和光物理过程. QM(MS-CASPT2//CASSCF)/MM计算揭示了DNA环境中2SeT-A和4SeT-A碱基对激发态性质和光物理过程差异性的来源, 提出的机理将有助于理解DNA类似物的光物理过程, 在光动力学治疗中具有潜在的应用.     

具有聚集诱导发光特性的含氟有机金属配合物的研究进展

近年来,具有聚集诱导发光(aggregation-induced emission,AIE)特性的化合物由于在聚集态或固态发光量子效率较高而受到很多关注.含氟的功能化合物,由于氟原子的存在,往往具有独特的结构和物理、化学及生物学性质.根据中心金属和配体的种类,汇总了具有A IE性质的且含有氟代配体的有机金属配合物的研究进展.这些含氟有机金属配合物主要是铱、铂、金配合物,在发光器件、化学传感、细胞成像、数据存储等方面具有潜在应用.还简要讨论了相关研究的发展前景.     

细菌感染成像的研究进展

由致病菌或条件致病菌侵入机体繁殖而产生的毒素和其它代谢产物所引起的感染性疾病是目前全球范围内的主要死亡原因之一. 感染性疾病的早期诊断是对其进行有效治疗与控制的重要途径. 分子影像技术的快速发展给体内细菌感染的评估带来了前所未有的变化和机遇. 本文综合评述了计算机断层扫描、 正电子发射断层扫描、 超声成像、 磁共振成像、 荧光成像及光声成像等成像方式在细菌感染体内成像中的研究进展、 不足和发展方向等, 以期为活体细菌感染检测方法的发展提供参考.     

富含吡啶氮-钴活性位点的三维多级大/介孔石墨烯作为高效可逆氧电催化剂用于可充电锌-空气电池

随着能源危机的日益严峻,能源的储存和转换越来越受到人们的重视.目前人们加以开发和利用的清洁能源主要包括太阳能、风能、氢能、地热能以及电化学能等.其中,燃料电池和金属-空气电池等作为电化学器件为电化学能的开发及可持续利用提供了条件.特别是金属-空气电池以电极电位较负的金属如镁、铝、锌、铁等作负极,以空气中的氧或纯氧作正极,具有比能量高、性能稳定、价格便宜的特点.氧还原反应(ORR)和析氧反应(OER)是可再生电化学能量转换和储存过程中的两个关键电化学过程.贵金属(Pt/C,Ir/C,IrO₂等)虽然具有高催化活性,但价格昂贵、资源匮乏限制了其大规模的使用和发展.此外,它们的催化性能单一,难以同时实现多反应的高效催化.目前,大量研究工作集中在开发低成本、高效的ORR和OER催化剂,用来代替昂贵的铂类贵金属催化剂.在能源器件设计中,由于OER和ORR反应发生在同一个电极上,若能制备出具有ORR和OER双功能催化性能的电催化剂,将在很大程度上降低能源器件的设计难度.最近,我们的研究工作揭示了吡啶-氮-钴(pyri-N-Co)配位结构在协同作用中的重要性,协同作用大幅度提升了NiCo2O4/N掺杂石墨烯的本征催化活性.虽然金属粒子与掺氮石墨烯的结合有利于催化活性和稳定性的提高,但二维石墨烯片之间由于π-π键相互作用,容易聚集和堆叠.在实际应用中,石墨烯片之间的堆叠会导致可达表面的损失,从而使复合催化剂利用率降低,结构稳定性变差.因此,制备富含充分暴露且高效的ORR/OER活性中心的电催化剂仍然是一个巨大挑战.本文采用激光辐照法和水热法制备了具有层间大孔和片内介孔相互交联结构且负载铁酸钴纳米颗粒的三维多级孔石墨烯复合电催化剂(CoFe/3D-NLG),研究了其微观结构与ORR/OER电催化性能的关系.比表面积和X射线光电子能谱测试结果表明,CoFe/3D-NLG具有大的比表面积(322.6 m² g^-1)和孔体积(0.715 cm³ g^-1),并且富含吡啶氮-钴活性中心.电化学测试表明,对于OER电催化,CoFe/3D-NLG复合催化剂在10 mA cm_-2处的过电势为304 mV,优于商用RuO₂催化剂的322 mV;对于ORR电催化,CoFe/3D-NLG的半波电位达到872 mV,非常接近商用Pt/C催化剂(876 mV).此外,作为可充电锌空气电池的空气电极催化剂,CoFe/3D-NLG展现出了超高的开路电压(1.56 V)、高功率密度(213 mW cm_-2)以及超低充放电电压(0.63 V),并且具有良好的充放电循环稳定性.CoFe/3D-NLG优异的ORR/OER电催化性能主要归因于以下两点:1)大量的吡啶氮-钴活性位点极大地加快了缓慢的氧电催化动力学,提高了每个活性位点的ORR/OER本征催化活性;2)丰富的层间大孔和面内介孔多级孔结构促进了整个石墨烯结构中的高效传质,因而在电催化过程中吡啶氮-钴活性位点得以充分暴露于电解液中.